Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA Plus)
Table of contents
Section 1: Institutional GBA Plus capacity
Governance structure
The GBA Plus Centre of Expertise facilitates the transfer of GBA Plus knowledge to sectors and programs within CIRNAC, provides secretariat functions for the GBA Plus Network, and supports Indigenous culturally-competent GBA Plus implementation across the federal government. The departmental Centre of Expertise continued to lead the delivery of various GBA Plus awareness sessions with a focus on distinctions-based and culturally-competent GBA Plus.
CIRNAC's interdepartmental GBA Plus Network, consists of GBA Plus sector focal points and Branch representatives to support the implementation of GBA Plus throughout the department. The Branch representatives share information and resources to help improve the quality of GBA Plus at the Branch level, whereas the sector focal points provide the challenge function on GBA Plus in all policies, programs, and initiatives in their respective sectors, report quarterly on the implementation of GBA Plus, and promote GBA Plus quality and consistency in their sectors.
Human resources
The resources dedicated to support GBA Plus within CIRNAC include the Executive Champions of Diversity and Inclusion and a Centre of Expertise comprised of 3 full-time equivalent employees. CIRNAC also relies on the support of its GBA Plus Network, which is comprised of over 50 Branch representatives and 5 sector focal points.
Major initiatives
GBA Plus monitoring continued to be undertaken on all departmental planning documents, Treasury Board submissions, Cabinet documents, budget submissions, regulatory initiatives, and in policy and program architecture and implementation. With the onboarding of GBA Plus sector focal points and Branch representatives, and the delivery of culturally-competent GBA Plus awareness sessions, CIRNAC is better positioned to apply and monitor fulsome, culturally-competent GBA Plus application throughout the department.
In addition to the initiatives undertaken in 2021–22 to solidify GBA Plus capacity at CIRNAC, the department continued to advance work on developing more robust methods to collect disaggregated data to support the design, implementation, and review of policy and programs using a GBA Plus lens, including employment of a GCconnex group and a GCpedia page (internal digital information sharing tools) to disseminate research, data and resources to support application of culturally-competent GBA Plus. In 2021–22, GBA Plus training and learning events continued at CIRNAC in partnership with Indigenous Services Canada, with the launch of the GBA Plus series Research at Lunch with Strategic Research and Data Innovation.
Additionally, CIRNAC's Regulatory Affairs worked closely with GBA Plus colleagues at the CIRNAC Centre of Expertise to ensure that regulatory initiatives were responsive, inclusive and reflective of the diverse experiences of people, to address inequalities, and not create or exacerbate barriers or inequalities in access to programs and services. In 2021–22, 2 regulatory submissions were improved with more in-depth analysis and GBA Plus considerations. Moreover, a GBA Plus workshop for CIRNAC regulators was held on March 8, 2022.
CIRNAC continued to partner with Indigenous Services Canada in support of Indigenous women's organizations working to advance culturally-competent GBA Plus resources. Through Budget 2021, CIRNAC provided dedicated funds to support organizational capacity for culturally-competent GBA Plus to the 3 national Indigenous women's organizations: Native Women's Association of Canada, Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, and Les Femmes Michif Otipemisiwak – Women of the Métis Nation. CIRNAC worked with the department of Women and Gender Equality (WAGE) to ensure that an Indigenous lens is included as part of a robust approach to intersectional policy analysis and program design across the federal government. Lastly, the GBA Plus Centre of Expertise worked in partnership with other diversity and inclusion and anti-racism communities across the federal family to ensure complementarity of initiatives.
Section 2: Gender and diversity impacts, by program
1. Core responsibility: Crown-Indigenous Relations
1.1 Basic Organizational Capacity (BOC)
Target population: First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples
Distribution of benefits
By gender: 60 to 79% men
| Statistics | Observed results (2021–22 or more recent) |
Data source | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of funding to Indigenous women's organizations | 8% of BOC-funded organizations are Indigenous women's organizations receiving 6.4% of overall funding allocated under the BOC program. | Funding trackers and Grants and Contributions Information Management System (GCIMS) | BOC funding for other Indigenous representative organizations also have indirect gender and intersectional impacts. |
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: BOC provides Indigenous Representative Organizations with core capacity funding to support core operations and salaries within their respective organizations. These organizations are instrumental in advancing Indigenous self-determination and strengthening Crown-Indigenous relationships based on respect, cooperation, partnership, and recognition of rights. BOC is allocated to national and regional Indigenous organizations inclusive of all genders and Indigenous distinctions in order to ensure that diverse Indigenous voices are heard on issues that affect them. The program has indirect impacts on First Nations, Inuit and Métis women and 2S and Indigenous LGBTQQIA+ peoples. Of the 50 recognized organizations eligible for BOC funds, there are 4 Indigenous women's organizations that are funded and specifically serve Indigenous women and gender-diverse people. Further, additional Indigenous representative organizations have women's, and gender-diverse representatives and/or councils that also serve the interests of women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ members and citizens.
GBA Plus data collection plan: Ongoing discussions with recipients on program effectiveness and efficiency continue to promote GBA Plus considerations. Discussions will include explorations of interest and willingness on the part of recipients to co-develop such indicators in coming years. Tracking the distinctions-based indicators of organizations with a mandate to advocate on behalf of Indigenous women or 2SLGBTQQIA+ peoples specifically will be done at the departmental level. This will include tracking the mandates of recipient Indigenous representative organizations, as well as the specific topics of projects funded (e.g. a women's organization may be funded to engage on housing and economic development in the same year that several Indigenous representative organizations receive funding for greater inclusion of 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, and for youth participation in governance).
1.2 Consultation and Accommodation
Target population: Indigenous Peoples
Distribution of benefits
By gender: broadly gender-balanced
By income level: no significant distributional impacts
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
| Statistics | Observed results (2021–22 or more recent) |
Data source | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| The program provides capacity support funding and tools to Indigenous partners across regions, nations and communities. As such, the program is broadly gender balanced as well as distinctions based. | Not applicable | Not applicable | No aggregated data is available for this program. CIRNAC will continue to work with Indigenous partners to establish relevant indicators going forward. |
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: Being cognizant of the administrative reporting burden on Indigenous partners, performance measurement, and indicators of the program for emerging GBA Plus impacts will be encouraged within the existing reporting structure for Indigenous Peoples but not imposed by CIRNAC. The department will look for opportunities to work collaboratively towards the collection of GBA Plus-relevant data where appropriate and where Indigenous partners are interested in collaborating on GBA Plus objectives.
GBA Plus data collection plan: There is currently no data collection plan as the program did not get the opportunity yet to gather data or discuss GBA Plus considerations.
1.3 Consultation and Policy Development
Target population: First Nations and Inuit Peoples
Distribution of benefits
By gender: 60 to 79% men
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: This program has direct impacts on First Nations and Inuit men, women, and gender-diverse people as it supports advocacy and leadership capacity of Indigenous representative organizations to be meaningful partners in advancing Indigenous self-determination. It has both direct and indirect benefits for First Nations and Inuit women and gender-diverse peoples, as national and regional Indigenous women's and 2SLGBTQQIA+ organizations are eligible recipients of this program, in addition to other representative organizations that also serve the diverse interests of members and citizens, including women, 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, youth and elders.
GBA Plus data collection plan: Ongoing discussions with recipients on program effectiveness and efficiency continue to promote GBA Plus considerations. The discussions will include explorations of interest and willingness on the part of recipients to co-develop such indicators in coming years. Tracking the distinctions-based indicators of projects funded, and the distinctions-based indicators of the organizations funded to carry them out on behalf of Indigenous women or 2SLGBTQQIA+ people specifically, will be done at the departmental level. This will include tracking the mandates of recipient Indigenous representative organizations as well as the specific topics of projects funded (e.g. a women's organization may be funded to engage on housing and economic development in the same year that several traditional Indigenous representative organizations receive funding to discuss missing and murdered women and girls, greater inclusion for 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, and youth participation in governance).
1.4 Federal Interlocutor's Contribution Program
Target population: Métis, Non-Status Indians, off-reserve, urban, Indigenous women, gender diverse, and other off-reserve Indigenous people
Distribution of benefits
By gender: 60 to 79% men
| Statistics | Observed results (2021–22 or more recent) |
Data Source | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of funding to Indigenous women's organizations | 29% of FICP-Projects Stream funding goes toward Indigenous women's organizations | Funding trackers and GCIMS | Projects funded for other Métis and Non-Status Indians organizations also include gender-specific and intersectional topics |
GBA Plus data collection plan: Baseline data collected through the development and implementation of long-term work plans with partner organizations and communities will assist in measuring and tracking GBA Plus considerations.
1.5 First Nation Jurisdiction over Land and Fiscal Management
The program works directly with the institutions (i.e. First Nations Tax Commission, First Nations Financial Management Board, First Nations Finance Authority and the Land Advisory Board) and not with First Nations. Therefore, the program does not collect or have access to GBA Plus information and does not have direct gender or intersectional-based impacts. The program seeks to provide additional governance tools to First Nations governments so they can manage their own lands and invest in much needed community infrastructure. As such, any impacts would be indirect and arise from decisions rendered by chief and council on land and fiscal management.
1.6 Management and Implementation of Agreements and Treaties
Indigenous modern treaty partners and treaty-based institutions operate independently of government, and are independent from federal government direction, whether related to gender issues or otherwise. They believe any such interference would be manifestly inconsistent with the government's reconciliation agenda and with existing modern treaties.
1.7 Negotiations of Claims and Self-Government Agreements
Target population: All Indigenous groups in negotiations with the Government of Canada, or who already have agreement(s) with the Government of Canada
Distribution of benefits
By gender: 60 to 79% men
By income level: no significant distributional impacts
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: Training on diversity and inclusion continues to be provided to employees, such as safe space training and unconscious bias training.
The ultimate goal of CIRNAC's work is, among other things, a shift in accountability away from the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations to the government of self-determining Indigenous communities. Thus, a major indicator of success is the number of agreements with Indigenous groups, that have been reached through the lenses of the Guidelines for Federal Officials Concerning the Application of GBA Plus to Treaties and Aboriginal Government Negotiations.
CIRNAC negotiates and implements a variety of rights-based agreements, comprehensive land claims and self-government agreements (as well as specific claims, special claims and out-of-court settlements) with Indigenous groups. This approach is towards a more mutual, reciprocal model, based on a nation-to-nation, Inuit-Crown, government-to-government relationship. Self-government agreements are entrenching their own mechanisms that are guided by GBA Plus considerations.
Finally, the application of a GBA Plus approach as outlined in negotiation-specific guidelines help ensure that negotiators know how to implement GBA Plus at every stage of the negotiation process. For example, to provide equal opportunities to all eligible participants, negotiation sessions are held at various times to accommodate variable schedules, and translated materials in respective First Nation languages, as well as on-site translators are provided to ensure inclusion in the negotiation and ratification process. GBA Plus has been applied to over 160 tables this past year.
Supplementary information sources:
Evaluation of the Impacts of Self-Government Agreements (2016)
Implementation of modern treaties and self-government agreements
GBA Plus data collection plan: CIRNAC recently developed GBA Plus best practices in the GBA Plus Guidelines. Now that the Guidelines for Federal Officials Concerning the Application of GBA Plus to Treaties and Aboriginal Government Negotiations are completed, CIRNAC is looking towards ways to capture key data on how Guidelines are being implemented and followed. There are GBA Plus data collection and analysis tools in development to improve the capacity to measure and assess the impacts of the program on gender and diversity in the future.
1.8 Other Claims
This program does not provide direct services to Indigenous communities and therefore does not collect nor have access to GBA Plus information or data.
1.9 Residential Schools Resolution
Not applicable. The Indian Residential Schools Adjudication Secretariat was closed March 31, 2021. A few complex claims remain (less than 1%).
1.10 Specific Claims
CIRNAC is not positioned to identify distribution of benefits of specific claims settlement agreements on individual members of a First Nation. As the settlement agreement provides the First Nation with the sole authority and responsibility for administration of the settlement compensation, Canada is not in a position to address such effects post-agreement, and Canada does not seek to ask First Nations to report on the use, access and benefits derived by the use of the settlement funds.
2. Core responsibility: Northern Affairs
2.1 Canadian High Arctic Research Station
Target population: Groups involved in the construction of the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS) in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut
Distribution of benefits
By gender: predominantly men (80% or more men)
By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (Somewhat progressive)
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: The target group is expected to directly benefit from job creation, local skills training and the hiring of local firms. The project particularly benefits men with a low to moderate degree of education. As well, some Nunavut Inuit-targeted technical and manual skilled positions, including carpentry, mechanical and electrical trades may favour Inuit men.
The construction project has benefited the Inuit population as construction of a federal facility in Nunavut requires the implementation of an Inuit Benefits Plan that specifically includes a Human Resources plan, skills development plan, and hiring of Inuit businesses. The project provides training and seeks to diversify the type of skills that will be taught to the various Inuit involved in this effort. The project aims to provide additional benefits where necessary for Inuit during employment, such as on-campus meals and housing so as to support meaningful engagement that may otherwise be hindered by socio-economic barriers. In addition, guided tours of the jobsite have allowed the local community to appreciate the efforts that are being put into the construction and learn about the ways the facility could be used for public engagement.
The completion of the construction itself will provide indirect long-term benefits to a diverse group of people in the local community including women, youth, Elders, disabled, and others who will have access to the facility and to programs operated on the CHARS campus by Polar Knowledge Canada.
GBA Plus data collection plan: CIRNAC's responsibility as manager for this major Crown project will be phased out with the transfer of ownership of the facility to Polar Knowledge Canada. This construction project is delivered through a third-party Construction Manager, EllisDon Construction, while Public Services and Procurement Canada is responsible for managing the contracting and for reporting to Treasury Board on major Crown projects such as CHARS. In this context, CIRNAC has limited ability to collect data on the target population in support of departmental results.
As the future custodian, Polar Knowledge Canada will be responsible for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of CHARS research programs and operations. While Polar Knowledge Canada does not directly collect sex or gender-disaggregated data to measure the gender-based impacts of the Science and Technology Program at the CHARS campus, the participation and leadership of Indigenous researchers on projects led or supported by Polar Knowledge Canada are measured by 2 performance indicators in Polar Knowledge Canada's Departmental Results Framework:
- Percentage of Arctic research projects led or supported by Polar Knowledge Canada that include Indigenous or local knowledge and
- Percentage of Arctic projects led or supported by Polar Knowledge Canada that involve Northerners. As well, the inclusion of youth in outreach and engagement activities, such as science camps, is measured in indicator
- Percentage of Polar Knowledge Canada-led or supported projects that involve youth or early career researchers.
2.2 Climate Change Adaptation and Clean Energy
Target population: All northern peoples and southern First Nations, Métis
Distribution of benefits
By gender: 60 to 79% men
By income level: no significant distributional impacts
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: Not available
GBA Plus data collection plan: Programs are adding a question in their proposal template regarding what steps the project will take to ensure the activities proposed incorporate the views of women, gender-diverse people, youth, elders, 2SLGBTQQIA+ or people with disabilities.
2.3 Northern and Arctic Environmental Sustainability
Target population: Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the territories
Distribution of benefits
By gender: predominantly men (80% or more men)
By income level: somewhat benefits high income individuals (somewhat regressive)
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: The Northern Participant Funding Program supports Indigenous participation in impact assessments of major projects in the 3 territories. That participation has a bias towards the effects of projects on traditionally male land use and activities, to the detriment of looking at the impacts on Indigenous women. Quantitative data is sparse, but there is growing qualitative evidence supporting this difference.
GBA Plus data collection plan: Starting in 2021–22, as a trial, as part of a broader redesign of its performance measurement strategy, the Northern Participant Funding Program introduced a new GBA Plus performance indicator tracking how many recipients incorporated GBA Plus into their funded activities and interventions, and will add an indicator tracking how many recipients incorporated GBA Plus into their program delivery. As the program received only a few reports (because of COVID-19 and capacity challenges), it does not have enough data yet to determine the success of the new GBA Plus performance indicators. The trial will continue in 2022–23.
2.4 Northern and Arctic Governance and Partnerships
Target population: All Northerners, Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in the territories
Distribution of benefits
By gender: broadly gender-balanced
By income level: no significant distributional impacts
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: Not available
GBA Plus data collection plan: There is currently no data collection plan as the program has not yet had the opportunity to gather the necessary data to strengthen its GBA Plus. Additional GBA Plus research is needed to support the implementation of a GBA Plus data collection plan.
2.5 Northern Contaminated Sites
Target population: Indigenous Peoples and Northerners living in proximity to contaminated sites in Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut
Distribution of benefits
By gender: broadly gender-balanced
| Statistics | Observed Results (2021–22 or more recent) |
Data Source | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous employment | 16% of total hours worked | Northern Contaminated Sites Program - Contractor Quarterly Reports | The data provided is preliminary. Year-end reporting and data collection are ongoing. Results will be updated in the next iteration of this report. |
| Northern employment | 48% of total hours worked | ||
| Female employment | 25% of total hours worked | ||
| Training hours provided to Indigenous employees | 63% of total training hours | ||
| Training hours provided to Northern employees | 81% of total training hours | ||
| Training hours provided to female employees | 23% of total training hours | ||
| Contracts provided to Indigenous-owned businesses | 29% of total contracts value | ||
| Contracts provided to Northern-owned businesses | 47% of total contracts value |
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: In 2021–22, the Northern Contaminated Sites Program advanced strategies that have been co-developed with partners on a number of projects to promote employment, training, and business opportunities for Indigenous Peoples and Northerners:
- Giant Mine Remediation Project: The Project signed a Community Benefits Agreement, which outlines how the project team and the Yellowknives Dene are working together to help the First Nation achieve socio-economic benefits from the remediation project.
- Faro Mine Remediation Project: New contracts for the project have prioritized opportunities for Kaska Dena citizens and businesses through the use of "Indigenous Opportunity Considerations", which gives consideration to the inclusion of Indigenous employment, training and subcontracting opportunities. The project has also committed to establishing a socio-economic management committee with Indigenous communities and local stakeholders that will develop a socio-economic strategy to help ensure Indigenous socio-economic benefits are maximized in procurement.
GBA Plus data collection plan: The program requires contractors to report data on employment, training, and sub-contracting on a quarterly basis. This includes the person-hours of employment and hours of training completed by gender identity, Indigenous identity, and Northern residency. In accordance with the Treasury Board Secretariat's Policy Direction to Modernize the Government of Canada's Sex and Gender Information Practices, the quarterly reports collect gender-disaggregated data for the purposes of completing, implementing, and monitoring GBA Plus considerations, and includes a non-binary gender identification option. This information is collected by the project quarterly reports, and the department updates the socio-economic data repository annually so that projects can complete independent analysis. This practice allows projects to measure GBA Plus impacts and monitor progress in relation to the targets on an annual basis. As this item is regularly reviewed and adjusted to optimize the program's data collection process, updates will be reported accordingly.
2.6 Northern Regulatory and Legislative Frameworks
Target population: All Canadians, but particularly Inuit, Northerners, territorial governments and industry stakeholders
Distribution of benefits
By gender: broadly gender-balanced
By income level: no significant distributional impacts
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: Not available
GBA Plus data collection plan: There is currently no data collection plan as the program has not yet had the opportunity to gather the necessary data to strengthen its GBA Plus. Additional GBA Plus research is needed to support the implementation of a GBA Plus data collection plan.
2.7 Northern Strategic and Science Policy
Target population: All Northerners
Distribution of benefits
By gender: broadly gender-balanced
By income level: somewhat benefits low income individuals (somewhat progressive)
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: The program provides support for the shared priorities, goals and objectives of Canada's Arctic and Northern Policy Framework, specifically for Goal 1: Canadian Arctic and northern Indigenous Peoples are resilient and healthy. There are unacceptable gaps in health and social development outcomes between Arctic and northern Indigenous Peoples and most other Canadians. The Task Force on Post-Secondary Education in the North, the Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning, the construction of a science building at Yukon College as it transitions to Yukon University, and support for the transformation of Aurora College into a polytechnic institution will all contribute to mitigating the inequities caused by poor access to education for Arctic and northern Indigenous Peoples.
While the benefits of establishing a Task Force on Post-Secondary Education in the North and support for the science building at Yukon College are expected to be broadly gender balanced, it is anticipated that support for the Dechinta Centre for Research and Learning (Dechinta Centre) will provide particular support for women. The Dechinta Centre is noteworthy for the support it offers to single parents, particularly single mothers, through integrated child-care and schooling for the children of students. Through its engagement with students, the Dechinta Centre found that a lack of childcare was the principal barrier preventing women for attending post-secondary education in the Northwest Territories. Also, Yukon College has stated that there will be benefits to Indigenous Peoples, recent immigrants, veterans, young people, people with disabilities and women. Furthermore, support for the transformation of Aurora College is anticipated to have significant positive benefits to Indigenous Peoples as a portion of funding will go towards community engagement that will inform programming and campus locations.
Supplementary information sources:
Education as a social determinant of First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health
Indigenous Post-Secondary Education, 2011 (PDF)
GBA Plus data collection plan: The impacts of the program on gender and diversity will be analyzed and assessed based on data collected and reported by funding recipients, including territorial governments and educational institutions.
2.8 Nutrition North
Target population: Residents of isolated, northern communities. While NNC is a program of general application, programming seeks to benefit residents with lower incomes, particularly Indigenous people, women, children, young and/or lone parents, people with disabilities, elders and others who are most vulnerable to food insecurity.
Distribution of benefits
By gender: broadly gender-balanced
By income level: strongly benefits low income individuals (strongly progressive)
By age group: no significant inter-generational impacts or impacts generation between youth and seniors
Other key program impacts on gender and diversity: Because of women's role as caregivers and their direct involvement in food preparation and caregiving activities inside the household, the retail food subsidy which lowers the price of food, directly benefits women and other vulnerable groups that may be under their responsibility such as children and elders. Recognizing that home-baking is an important element of women's role inside the household, in 2019 NNC expanded its subsidy list to include essential baking items. It has also added feminine hygiene products to provide increased supports to women and individuals that might need them.
While the retail subsidy component is of general application, the Harvesters Support Grant is targeted at the most vulnerable and ensures the equitable distribution of food among women, elders, and children. This benefits Indigenous and lower-income groups by increasing access to healthy, traditional foods that does not need to be purchased at the store. While men are more likely to engage in the dangerous aspect of harvesting activities on the land, the Grant reinforces women's roles in gathering medicinal plants and berries as well as handling other harvesting activities such as meal preparation, making clothes, jewelry, tools, and other art pieces. The Grant promotes the sharing of traditional knowledge by fostering the youths' participation in harvesting trips, training, and educational activities around harvesting and food preparation and preservation. It also helps expand the traditional sharing networks by making harvests and traditional foods more available and by distributing them to elders, children, single-parent households, persons with disabilities and other groups that may not be able to directly participate in harvesting activities.
To further support knowledge of healthy eating in NNC eligible communities, there are nutrition education initiatives led by Indigenous Services Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada. These initiatives include cooking classes, in-store tastings, and workshops for traditional food preparation. Women are reported to be more likely to participate and be involved in these activities than men as they tend to lead decision making on nutrition within their households.
While current programming benefit to the most vulnerable, NNC continues to develop options that support longer-term solutions of improving food security and social outcomes which will impact the younger generations through the restoration of pride in culture and reducing the cognitive impacts of malnutrition. The Program is currently co-developing options with Indigenous partners to further improve the program in a way that better supports the most vulnerable and center women's participation and amplify their role as keepers of communities and traditions.
Supplementary information sources:
Aboriginal Peoples Survey (2017)
Final Report on the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (2019)
Canadian Community Health Survey, 2014, 2015–16
Nutrition North Canada Engagement 2016: Final report of what we heard
Inuit Health Survey (IHS, 2007-2008) (PDF)
Pauktuutit – Inuit Women of Canada, Food Mail Review, Inuit Gender-Based Analysis
GBA Plus data collection plan: NNC collects program data related to food shipments and food cost/sale price. Additionally, the program receives progress reports on harvesting activities supported by the Harvesters Support Grant which provide a qualitative lens as to how Grant initiatives are benefitting vulnerable groups, such as women and elders. As well, NNC continues to consult with Indigenous partners to gain a more nuanced approach to the lived experiences of women and other vulnerable groups in eligible communities.