Indigenous peoples and communities
"Indigenous peoples" is a collective name for the original peoples of North America and their descendants.
The Canadian Constitution recognizes 3 groups of Indigenous peoples:
- First Nations
- Inuit
- Métis
These are 3 distinct peoples with unique histories, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.
According to the 2021 Census, more than 1.8 million people in Canada identify as Indigenous, which represents 5% of Canada’s total population.
Indigenous peoples are:
- the fastest growing population in Canada – grew by 9.4% between 2016 and 2021
- the youngest population in Canada – about 28% were under the age of 25 in 2021
Services and information
First Nations
Find out more about First Nations communities in Canada.
Inuit
Learn about Inuit, the Indigenous people of the Arctic.
Métis
Find out more about Métis communities in Canada.
Indigenous arts, culture and heritage
Learn about the Indigenous arts, culture and heritage that are woven into the fabric of our country.
Map room
Find a map or geospatial dataset about Indigenous communities or the North.
Renewing the relationship: Key documents
Consult the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report, the Report of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples, and more.
Governance
Learn about support for strong, effective and sustainable governments in First Nation communities.
Feature stories
Find out more about community-driven projects to improve the lives of Indigenous and Northern individuals, families and communities.
Kumik Elder Lodge
Find out how federal employees in the National Capital Region can learn directly from Indigenous Elders through teachings, guidance and advice.
More programs for Indigenous peoples
Government of Canada programs and services for First Nations, Inuit and Métis. Learn more about Indigenous peoples and communities.
Features
Hope for wellness helpline
Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call 1-855-242-3310 or chat online at hopeforwellness.ca.
National Indigenous History Month
June is National Indigenous History Month in Canada, a time to recognize the rich history, heritage, resilience and diversity of First Nations, Inuit and Métis.